However much it looked like two people each, are features that make each person is unique in its way. Here are 10 aspects that differentiates a human individual elements of another, so that no two people are absolutely identical.
1. DNA
The human DNA begins everything – hence the differences start. It is impossible that two persons have absolutely identical DNA.It is true even if identical twins: although perfectly identical in terms of DNA in the early stages of cell division following conception, then the two sets of AN begin to differentiate, as each individual progresses old, and this process began in intrauterine life, continues after birth. Copying (replication) continuous DNA during cell division can be made small errors, leading to such polymorphism uninucleotidic changes (changes in a single “letter” ‘genetic code, ie a single nitrogenous base of the structure DNA) or more variable during the whole sequence of DNA which are duplicated or eliminated altogether. As we age, these variations accumulate, making the DNA of each individual is indeed unique.
2. Fingerprints
Although fingerprint features are mainly determined by genes, but recent research shows that their formation is influenced by external factors such as pressure from the uterus wall or amniotic fluid movements. That is, even identical twins, fingerprints, although very similar, however, be distinguished, they are analyzed by means sufficiently precise.
3. Walking
How we walk changes during childhood, but usually stabilizes when the growth is over. Then, individual anatomical features give each of us a specific walk, so specific that since 1970 there are studies showing that we recognize as the people running them know, with an accuracy of 90%.Today’s computers do this work even better using motion analysis systems that quickly evaluază a lot of parameters that characterize each individual’s unique course.Another way to learn and use features of walking is to consider the “footprint” with a surface pressure sensor, such a system, developed at Shinshu University in Japan, could be used to quickly identify passengers in an airport, for example.
4. Ears
Even the same person is generally small differences in ear and other. The more obvious are the differences from one person to another, in the ear shape. A recent study showed that when it comes to finding people for pictures, recognition by ear is just as precise as face recognition.
5. Eyes
The iris of each eye is unique, considered experts, and this belief is based platforms identified by scanning the iris, as already practiced in some countries, including Canada, USA and UK. Iris has a complex structure, comprising muscle, ligaments, blood vessels and pigment and their arrangement Create your unique model for each of us.
6. Voice
Human voice is the result of combining several elements: the noise made by air passing through the larynx, the way air flow moving through the nose and mouth and how it is modulated to form words, by the action of the lips, cheeks, the tongue and palate. What is very unlikely that two people have the same anatomical segments, voices are also individualized. True, the voice can be changed voluntarily, and many people even manage to transform voice to imitate the voices of others in convincing manner. However, voice analysis computer systems fail to distinguish features that distinguish one voice from another apparently identical.
7. Smell
It is also a unique feature, resulting in complex combinations in which both odorant molecules in the skin secretions (fluids whose composition is greatly influenced by genes) and odorous substances produced by bacteria that break down some of the odorless secretions body. Different regions have different body odors, harbor different populations of bacteria, all these features are controlled by genes. A study published in the Journal of the Royal Society Interface shows that body odor is determined by a highly complex mixture of molecules – about 5000 acids, ketones, aldehydes and alcohols, including researchers have identified 44 that range long enough to form a distinct odorant profile, which can be as individual as fingerprints and characteristic.
8. Heartbeat
Surprisingly, they are sufficiently different from one person to another to be distinguished using specialized equipment that analyzes electrical impulses of the heart. On an electrocardiogram recorded heart rate three aspects: the P wave (impulse to atria contraction), QRS (showing contraction of the ventricles) and T wave, which corresponds to the heart muscle relaxation between two beats. Because variations in heart size and shape from person to person, recorded beat pattern on the electrocardiogram is specific, the more the heartbeat is regulated by mechanisms that do not take conscious control and therefore is almost impossible electrocardiogram to forge.
9. Brain waves
And if their differences are measurable, because the brain of every person is different. Nerve connections are structured differently from one human to another, depending on hereditary endowment and external factors related to specific individual existence. By recording the electrical activity of the brain using electroencephalography, can be detected subtle differences distinguish one person from another. In a study conducted in 2001 at the University of Saskatchewan, Canada, a component of electrical activity – alpha waves – has allowed researchers to distinguish between them 40 people and another component – gamma oscillations – proved to be specific enough to distinguish each other 100 participants in the study. However, because brain activity varies according to subject status and, likely, and changes with age, precise identification of a person based on electroencephalogram is still in draft.
10. Microbiome
Trillions of bacteria that “live” on the skin and the body of a man involved in creating its unique character. Number of species of bacteria living on and in the human body, globally is about. 1000, but each man is “accompanied” by only about 150 species, most living in the intestine. And every human being has “range” of its bacteria, which produce a unique and specific combination of metabolites (substances from metabolism) that influence certain characteristics of individual “carrier” for example cholesterol. Bacteria on the skin, too, are combined in a specific mixture of each person, and with specialized equipment in the future may be possible to identify someone based on its unique combination of skin microorganisms.
Source: New Scientist
